Campi Flegrei
Italy · Caldera · 40.83, 14.14 · volcano number 211010
Nothing above background is currently reported at this system. For a volcano outside the United States and Japan that means only that it is not in the Smithsonian's weekly report, not that it is quiet.
What this system is
| Type | Caldera |
|---|---|
| Country | Italy |
| Position | 40.83, 14.14 |
| Why it is on this list | named supereruption |
Recorded history
NOAA's hazard records hold 10 significant earthquakes and 3 significant eruptions at or within 40 km of this volcano since 63.
The deadliest was the 16 December 1631 earthquake (Italy: Naples (Napoli)), which killed 4,000 people.
The strongest earthquake on record here was magnitude 4.2, on 21 August 2017 (Italy: Ischia Island).
The most recent entry is the 12 September 2017 eruption (Campi Flegrei, Italy), which killed 3 people.
Across the entries that record a death toll, 8,605 people died.
| Date | What | Where | Toll |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16 December 1631 | earthquake | Italy: Naples (Napoli) | 4,000 dead, damage over $25 million |
| 28 July 1883 | earthquake | Italy: Ischia Is: Casamicciola, Forino, Lacco Ameno | 2,313 dead, 2,278 homes destroyed, damage over $25 million |
| 24 August 79 | earthquake | Italy: Naples (Napoli) | 2,100 dead |
| 4 March 1881 | earthquake | Italy: Ischia Island | 121 dead, damage under $1 million |
| 2 February 1828 | earthquake | Italy: Ischia Island | 28 dead, damage under $1 million |
| 29 September 1538 | VEI 3 eruption | Campi Flegrei, Italy | 24 dead |
| 2 September 1882 | earthquake | Italy | 11 dead, damage under $1 million |
| 12 September 2017 | eruption | Campi Flegrei, Italy | 3 dead |
| 2 March 1970 | eruption | Campi Flegrei, Italy | 3 dead, damage under $1 million |
| 21 August 2017 | magnitude 4.2 earthquake | Italy: Ischia Island | 2 dead, damage $1 to 5 million |
| 1582 | earthquake | Italy: Pozzuoli | damage $1 to 5 million |
| 27 September 1538 | earthquake | Italy: Pozzuoli | damage $5 to 25 million |
| 63 | earthquake | Italy: Pompei | - |
A dash means NOAA recorded no number, not that nobody died. Older entries are fewer because fewer were written down, not because less happened.
Recorded history: NOAA NCEI hazard databases, public domain, retrieved 2026-10-22.
What this rests on
The caldera west of Naples has produced eruptions estimated at VEI 7, and part of the city is built on top of it.
That sentence is ours. A fuller account, with its own citations, is where to check it. It was a quotation from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program until September 2026, when their terms stopped being compatible with a site carrying advertising.
Who watches it
INGV Osservatorio Vesuviano monitors this system and publishes its alert level. https://www.ov.ingv.it/
In an eruption, that observatory is the authority. This page follows it; it does not compete with it.
Other systems tracked
Where these numbers come from
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5JW8BSH Licence: NOAA NCEI: access to this dataset is unrestricted (US federal work, public domain). Positions and eruption records come from that database; the sentence above is ours. Alert levels come from the publishing observatory.